Thanks for taking a look! I used the color scheme from your site for the colors. These are completely free for you to use for any purpose, no license, fee, or attribution is required. A thanks on the podcast would cool, but again is totally optional.
I based it on your existing images and made two versions, one with stars and one without. I think both have their merits, so I figured I would give you the choice. I like the version with stars better at high resolution, but the one without stars at lower resolution. The only difference between the svg files is the stars layer is hidden in the version without stars.
I created the images in Inkscape based on the existing logos. The Inkscape files are vector graphics so they will scale perfectly to any size. I defaulted to 3000×3000 based on the images I found on your site and in the RSS feed, with 1000×1000 small versions to match the -sm version on your site. There are also 207×207 versions because the RSS feed was scaling the -sm version down to that so I thought I would include one that is natively that size.
I noticed my jpg file sizes were significantly larger than the existing graphics so I also included some low quality versions with similar sizes and jpg artifacting to the existing graphics. I wouldn’t use them, but if file size is a concern, they are there for you.
I used the free Rational Integer font from https://www.ffonts.net/Rational-Integer.font?text=Late+Night+Linux because it appeared to be the one used in the original.
Here is the tarball of everything: latenightlinux-redux.tar
It has the .svg source files from Inkscape, .jpg versions in the sizes listed above, and the Rational Integer font you will need to install if you don’t already have it to properly view or edit the .svg files.
207×207 with stars:
1000×1000 with stars (click for 3000×3000): 
207×207 without stars:
1000×1000 without stars (click for 3000×3000):
Edit 2021.05.25 16:15 US Eastern Time:
Mocked up a version with both the Extra and with a lighter belly area for the penguin. Tweaked letter spacing and position